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Born-London

Gallipoli 1915

On 25 April, British, Australian and New Zealand forces landed on the Gallipoli peninsula. The plan was that these forces would soon defeat a demoralised Turkish army, knock Turkey out of the war, open up the Mediterranean to the Russian navy and threaten Austro-Hungary from the south. None of these things were achieved despite nine months of hard fighting in terrible conditions. It was a heroic failure.

By July, 1915, and after much fierce fighting, stalemate had set in at Gallipoli both at Cape Helles where the British and French had landed and at Anzac Cove where the Australian and New Zealand Corps were unable to break out of their beach head. Fresh troops were needed and they were on their way in the shape of four divisions from Britain and things were put on hold until they arrived.

The plan for August was for a landing at Suvla Bay to the north of Anzac Cove whilst at the same time, the ANZAC Corps, reinforced by some of the new British troops would effect a breakout from Anzac Cove and establish a line across the peninsula. Whilst this was going on the troops in the south at Helles would stage a number of diversionary attacks. But it all went horribly wrong and much of the reason for this can be explained by inadequate planning and leadership. Nobody seemed to know what they were supposed to be doing and Lieutenant-General Stopford, in charge of the Suvla landings was particularly out of his depth. The landings at Suvla failed to link up with the forces at Anzac and the breakout from there did not happen despite valiant efforts by all concerned. The loss of life on all fronts was again enormous. L.A. Carlyon’s excellent book “Gallipoli” gives a superb yet chilling account of the events.

The 13th Division arrived at Helles in July, 1915 and were then detailed to assist in the breakout from Anzac Cove during the August attack. On 3rd August they moved to this location in preparation for this. During the night of 6/7th August they were part of the force that made their way northwards up the coast before turning inland to attack the heights of Sari Bair with the objective of capturing Chunuk Bair. On 8^th August, the 8^th Welsh battalion, the pioneer battalion of 13^th Division, along with the Wellington battalion of the New Zealand Brigade and the 7^th Gloucestershire battalion attacked Chunuk Bair. Zero hour was fixed for 3.30am but there were delays and dawn was breaking when the assault finally began. Unexpectedly, the enemy had abandoned the hill and the New Zealanders in front reached the top without a shot being fired. But this happy state of affairs was not to last long. As soon as the Turks, still occupying nearby peaks, saw what was happening they opened up from both flanks on Chunuk Bair and 7^th Gloucestershire, followed by 8^th Welsh, both of who were still climbing to the summit, were hit by this fire and suffered badly. The two leading platoons of 7^th Gloucestershire reached the western shoulder of the summit where they found some cover while the rest of the battalion descended into the valley of the Sazli Beit stream and then came up on the other side of the Wellingtons. 8^th Welsh, following behind, suffered even more heavily in this, their baptism of fire and only a few made it to the top to extend the line to the right. These three battalions, or what was left of them, held on in these exposed positions for the rest of the day, hardly daring to move a muscle for fear of attracting Turkish attention and it was not until that night that other units reached them and they were able to withdraw to the Apex. The Wellingtons were reduced to 2 officers and 47 men while both British battalions had around 400 casualties each. One of these was Ernest Field of 8^th Welsh.